DICKERSON - Amanda Malvina Dickerson
Shadduck
RECENT DEATHS - Clark.
Mrs. Joseph Clark died February 13, at
the home of her son John Shadduck, at Alba, aged eighty-five. In 1852 she
married Lewis Shadduck and was the mother of two children, Ervin and John.
In addition to these she raised two other children, Lewis and Minerva
Wheeler. Mr. Shadduck enlisted in 1862 in Company B, 58th Regiment,
Pennsylvania Volunteers, and died in service, January 3, 1863. In October,
1884, she married Joseph Clark, who died a number of years ago. She is
survived by the sons and foster children mentioned, and a number of
grandchildren. The funeral was held Monday afternoon from her son's home,
Rev. W. H. Porter officiating. Interment was made in the cemetery at
Sylvania.
Article found in J. B. Shadduck's
Bible - 1920 Submitted by Linda Ludwig Mutzer.
The History Of Upper And Lower Canada
Upper and Lower Canada were formed by the Constitutional
Act of 1791 in response to the wave of United
Empire Loyalists moving north from the United States into the
French-speaking province of Quebec following the American
Revolution (1765-1783). The result was the division of the old Province
of Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada to the east and Upper Canada to the
West, each with their provincial legislatures. While Lower Canada retained the
seigneurial system, language, and religious institutions of Quebec, Upper Canada
developed on a model of British society.
New Settlers Arrive
In the wake of the American Revolution, United Empire
Loyalists fled northwards to the Province of Quebec, followed by other
English-speaking settlers. By 1790 the influx of new settlers numbered about
10,000. The territories they settled were already occupied by Indigenous
peoples, including the Wendat, Tionontatehronnon, and Algonquin. The Loyalists,
guided by Sir Frederick Haldimand, settled primarily along the St. Lawrence
River in the area of Kingston, along the shores of Lake Ontario by the Bay of
Quinte, and around the Niagara Peninsula. While Quebec had been established as a
British colony with the Treaty
of Paris (1763) and the Royal
Proclamation of 1763, the majority of the population remained
French-speaking. The English settlers, however, brought with them their own
political and religious ideals, and tensions soon arose between the two groups.
One key issue was that of land ownership. The Province of Quebec had established
a seigneurial system that awarded parcels of land to nobles and religious
communities, who then allotted pieces of the land to tenants in return for
farming the land. Used to the freedoms they had held in the Thirteen
Colonies, the new settlers wanted instead to own their lands in their own
right. Similarly, they pushed for representative government, a British system of
parliament, and British civil law. Religion was another point of tension. While
the Roman Catholic Church was the established Church in Quebec, the new settlers
looked to establish their Protestant Church.
In the years prior to the division of Quebec into the Canadas,
Britain had hopes that floods of English settlers would anglicize Quebec. Prior
to the Loyalist wave, the floods did not materialize. The Quebec
Act of 1774 had restored the Catholic Church in Quebec, and the old
French civil law, reversing the Royal Proclamation of 1763. The Canadiens were
not ready to give up their recently restored privileges.
A New Province
The solution arrived at was the division of Quebec. The British
Constitutional Act of 1791 officially divided Quebec into the primarily
French-speaking Province of Lower Canada, and the primarily English-speaking
Province of Upper Canada. Each province established its own government, with an
appointed lieutenant-governor, executive council, legislative council, and
elected representative assembly. While Lower Canada retained the seigneurial
system, language, and religious institutions of Quebec, John Graves Simcoe, the
first lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, was determined that the new province
would be a model of British society.
Defining "Upper" and "Lower"
The territory of Lower Canada extended west from the Ottawa River
to the Great Lakes, south of Rupert's Land. Lower Canada extended east from the
Ottawa River to the mouth of the St. Lawrence River, including what is now
Labrador.
The terms "upper" and "lower" refer to the relative location of
each province along the St. Lawrence River, which hints at the importance of
rivers as highways for travel in the period. Upper Canada was located nearest
the source of the St. Lawrence, "upriver". In contrast, Lower Canada was closest
to the mouth of the St. Lawrence, "downriver" (traveling with the current).
Upper Canada
With the establishment of Upper Canada, the seigneurial system of
Quebec was abolished in favor of British freehold land tenure. Established as
the official Church of the province, the Anglican Church received preferential
treatment, for instance being granted large tracts of land as clergy reserves,
"for the support and maintenance of a Protestant Clergy."
Simcoe established British civil law and
trial by jury, established the provincial capital at York (Toronto), and left a
legacy of road building and town planning. Promises of free land drew more
immigrants to the province. By 1811, the population of new settlers was almost
90,000.
In the early nineteenth-century, control of the province fell
to the "Family Compact,"
a small Conservative group, loyal to the British Crown. They
were chosen from the friends of the lieutenant-governor and appointed to
prominent roles within the government. The Family Compact was known for its
corruption, granting government positions in return for favors of financial or
political support, and preferential treatment of friends and supporters. But
they were also "progressive industrialists," promoting building programs and
public works. But their aggressive hold on power, confined to a select elite
few, fed political tension.
The War
of 1812 was a defining moment for Upper Canada, which generated patriotic
myths and heroic figures such as Laura Secord, Sir Isaac Brock, and Tecumseh.
The war also strengthened ties with Britain, and immigrants flowed from Britain
into Upper Canada in place of the American immigrants whom the war had halted.
As Upper Canada grew, it struggled economically, and by the 1820s
had fallen into chronic debt. The province also lacked in infrastructures such
as schools, hospitals, and local government. The government's failings and
corruption all contributed to the 1837-1838 rebellion. Early attempts to push
through political reform, led by those such as Robert Baldwin, were moderate and
unsuccessful. William Lyon Mackenzie took charge of the reformers in 1837 and
left them into armed revolt against the government. The rebellion was defeated,
but reform would follow.
Lower Canada
The Act of 1791 did not put an end to tensions in what was
now, Lower Canada. While the majority of the population remained
French-speaking, the British imposed English as the official language. The House
of Assembly was divided between the English-speaking Tory Party, and the
French-speaking Canadian Party, the House majority. Similarly, two political
papers, The Quebec Mercury and Le
Canadien voiced the interests of the English merchants and the Canadiens,
respectively. Gradually, English began to take over as the language of business;
by 1831, 45%
of Quebec City's population was English-speaking, and by
1842 they made up 61% of Montreal's population.
Lower Canada appeared to thrive as the population boomed, growing
from 110,000 in 1784 to 330,000 in 1812. Fur trade and commercial agriculture
continued to dominate the economy. The timber trade grew rapidly after 1806 as
demand rose, in part to meet the needs for shipbuilding. By 1832, however, the
economy was in crisis. The declining price of furs and wheat resulted in a sharp
decline in production, and many farmers were reduced to subsistence farming. The
Province fell into chronic deficit importing wheat from Upper Canada. By the
early nineteenth century, overpopulation had led to land scarcity and an
increasing rural population, fueled in part by British immigrants, which
contributed to class struggle.
These events and conflicts helped to fan the growing nationalism
sentiments which came to a head in the Patriot insurrection of 1837-1838. The
subsidy crisis, attributed to the "château clique", the problem of customs
duties between Upper and Lower Canada, and rising ethnic tensions all added fuel
to the fire. Tensions boiled over in 1837 and rebellion broke out, "Patriots"
taking up arms against the English army. Poor organization proved fatal to the
rebellion, and the English response was swift and decisive. In response to the
rebellion, Sir John Colborne appointed a special council to govern Lower Canada
in place of the House Assembly until 1841.
The Act
Of Union
In 1838, Lord Durham, sent to report on the rebellions in Upper
and Lower Canada, condemned the "political cliques", the Family Compact and
château clique". He advocated for the establishment of responsible government
and the amalgamation of Canadas into a single Union, as well as the assimilation
of the French Canadiens.
In 1841, the Act
of Union officially
united the two Canadas into the single Province of Canada.
Parents--
Enos Scott (Enos1)
and
Christine Bowman Scott
Marriage--
On 22 Apr 1833, Rev. Samuel Baker (Minister Regular Baptist Church of
Malahide, Elgin, Ontario, Canada) performed wedding of
GROOM--Adam Bowman Scott (resident of Southwold, Elgin, Ontario, Canada, age
20)
and
BRIDE--Tamson Delila/Deliliah Armstrong Strong (resident of Yarmouth, Elgin,
Ontario, Canada, age 18).
Witnesses--Jacob Scott (older brother of groom) and Anson D. Simons.
Children of this marriage (list work in process)--
Elijah D Scott 1833-1897
-----
LIFE and TIMES--
The Bowman family (from mother Christine Bowman Scott's lineage) were English
"Loyalists" who fled the Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania area in the winter of 1777/78
and found refuge in Niagara, Canada. They were fighting members of "Butler's
Rangers" (Captain Walter Butler's Company of Rangers; Kings Royal Rangers of New
York K.R.R.N.Y). Enos Scott (Enos1) and his son Adam Bowman Scott and Jobe W
Scott were captured by American "Patriots". (more details on this later.dht)
